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We belong to the Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. We are interested in soil science addressing carbon sequestration and related topics like biogeochemical cycles, geomicrobiology, and redox biology in extreme environments. We study different soil formation types and their interactions with climate conditions, for example, soil developments under temperate rain forests, polar and subpolar environments (steppes, forests, and grassland), and agricultural lands. These studies allow us to characterize the soils directly and their pattern of formation influenced by global warming that affects mineralization and nutrient availability—for example, the soil formation after glacier retreats in Antarctica. The impact of different microbiomes and their interaction with nutrient availability help us to understand the soil formation in various chronosequences associated with microorganisms that tolerate aerobic and anaerobic conditions in different soil ecosystems.